1. System overview
At time t, the global system state is defined as:
| Symbol | Definition |
|---|---|
S_t |
Total supply vector across buckets |
H_t |
Total portfolio holdings |
O_t |
Inventory locked in open orders |
R_t |
Redeemed / retired quantities |
C_t |
Cash balances |
G_t |
Governance state |
Q_t |
Market orderbook state |
2. Bucket structure
Zipple defines a set of economic buckets:
For each bucket b ∈ B, S_t^{(b)} represents total recognized supply.
Supply vector:
3. Portfolio state
For user u and bucket b:
| Variable | Meaning |
|---|---|
A_u^{(b)} |
Available balance |
L_u^{(b)} |
Locked / reserved balance |
Total holdings in bucket b:
Portfolio vector for user u:
4. Open orders
Open orders reserve inventory. Let O_t^{(b)} denote total points locked in open orders:
where q_o is the quantity of order o.
5. Supply conservation law
For every bucket b, the accounting identity must hold:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
S_t^{(b)} |
Total supply |
H_t^{(b)} |
Holdings in portfolios |
O_t^{(b)} |
Locked open-order inventory |
R_t^{(b)} |
Redeemed / retired quantity |
Zipple conservation invariant
6. Secondary trading
For a trade in bucket b with seller s, buyer r, quantity q, and price p:
$A_r^{(b)\prime} = A_r^{(b)} + q$
System conservation:
Secondary trading redistributes inventory but does not create supply.
7. Cash settlement
Trade value:
Cash balances update as:
$C_r' = C_r - V$
Cash conservation:
8. Cash reservation constraint
Before a buy order enters the orderbook, required reserved cash is:
User cash state:
| Variable | Meaning |
|---|---|
C_{u,\text{avail}} |
Available cash |
C_{u,\text{res}} |
Reserved cash |
Reservation prevents double-spending during matching.
9. Issuance process
Supply expansion occurs only through issuance events. For bucket b:
where ΔI_k^{(b)} is issuance event k.
For ZMX specifically:
Issuance corresponds to certificate purchases and issuance policies.
10. Redemption / retirement
Redeemable assets terminate through redemption events. For ZMX:
where ΔD_k represents redeemed certificates. Redemption closes the economic loop.
11. Governance constraint function
Market participation is governed by policy constraints. Let G_u denote the governance state of user u.
Order validity is given by a constraint function:
Example constraints:
$n_{\text{open}}(u) \leq n_{\max}(G_u)$
$\text{role}(u) \in \{\text{trader}, \text{merchant}\}$
Orders failing constraints are rejected.
12. Orderbook state
At time t, the orderbook for bucket b is:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
q_i |
Quantity |
p_i |
Price |
τ_i |
Timestamp |
s_i |
Side (buy/sell) |
Matching follows price–time priority:
13. Economic loop
Zipple defines a closed economic loop:
| Stage | Meaning |
|---|---|
A_t |
Real-world activity |
I_t |
Issuance |
M_t |
Market trading |
R_t |
Redemption |
This loop connects real activity to market liquidity.
14. System evolution
The system state evolves according to issuance, trading, redemption, and governance updates:
subject to the invariants: